3D Printer
Recently, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad (IIT) India L v Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) announced that its 3D printed cornea was successfully tested on animals for the first time. The Indian 3D-printed corneas, made from bio-ink derived from human donor tissue, were transplanted into the eyes of rabbits. Because of its "completely natural" basis, the implant's developers say it could soon be "used in humans" to treat corneal scarring and other serious eye conditions that can lead to blindness.
According to LVPEI principal investigators Dr. Sayan Basu and Dr. Vivken Singh, this is the first 3D printed artificial cornea that is optically and physically suitable for transplantation. This bio-ink 3D printed cornea could provide vision for Army personnel with eye injuries to seal corneal perforations and prevent infections during war-related injuries.
While the cornea, the clear part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil, is usually elastic and can heal from minor abrasions, it can be damaged in many ways, including improper use of contact lenses and scarring from exposure to things that cause injury.
Even those who lead relatively healthy lifestyles can suffer from problems such as corneal dystrophy due to poor eye care, and these problems can lead to poor vision. According to the National Eye Institute, the primary therapies used to treat corneal conditions remain laser therapy, or organic or artificial tissue grafts. However, despite these artificial tissues have certain limitations. Although corneal alternatives are being actively researched around the world, they are either animal-based or synthetic. Products from pigs or animals are not suitable for major markets in India and developing countries due to issues related to social and religious responsibility.
Specifically, a biometric gel was developed in India using decellularized corneal tissue matrix and stem cells extracted from human eyes. The material is completely free of synthetic components and is designed to provide an ideal microenvironment for stromal regeneration. In fact, according to Falguni Pati, associate professor at IIT-Hyderabad, the Bio-Ink bio-3D printed material they used maintains the curvature and thickness of the bio-cornea. 3D printed corneas have been successfully tested in animals and such implants may soon be useful for treating corneal scars or conditions such as ocular scars or corneal corneal bulges, thus bringing about a large number of vision problems new treatment solutions for a large number of vision problems.
The use of stem cells for the treatment of damaged human organs is gaining rapid momentum, and in combination with 3D printing, stem cell therapy is taking on a mysterious dimension of medical technology. Previously, a team of engineers and neuroscientists at the University of California, San Diego, also conducted a study to repair neural connections and lost motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries through 3D-printed implants that act as microchannel structures to guide the growth of neural stem cells and axons along the length of the spinal cord injury.
The researchers fill the 3D printed implants/scaffolds with neural stem cells and then fit them into the spinal cord injury site like a missing puzzle piece. 3D printed scaffolds act like bridges, connecting and aligning the regenerating axons at one end of the spinal cord injury with the other end. The axons themselves can spread and regenerate in any direction, but the scaffold keeps the axons neatly aligned and guides them to grow in the right direction to complete the spinal cord connection. This research has now been conducted in animal experiments and has shown promising applications.
Not only for repairing neural connections in patients with spinal cord injuries, but the combination of stem cells and bio-3D printing has also led to myocardial repair technology, according to 3D Science Valley's market research, in which BIOLIFE4D, a U.S. biobusiness, created a patch for heart repair in 2018 through a bio-3D printer and stem cells. The company claims the patch contains a variety of cells that make up the human heart, not just cardiac muscle cells, but also the initial formation of blood vessels.
Not only that, but stem cells and 3D printing technology hold the promise of treating congenital heart disease. 3D printing is also being used abroad to create valves, which are made using skin cells from patients, which minimizes the risk of organ rejection and allows the organ to grow with the patient, meaning it will never need to be replaced, and stem cell 3D printed valves hold the promise of providing pediatric patients with a valve that can grow. In addition, 3D printing + stem cell bone tissue regeneration technology is expected to achieve clinical scale application in the next 5-10 years. In short, 3D printing brings a "magic touch" to tissue regeneration technology, either from a degradable perspective or from a regenerative perspective, to create safer and better treatment solutions for human beings.
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3D printing first appeared in 1980, but it is only now that the technology has become economical enough to be used in the home. Whether you are a hobbyist or an artist looking to do something fun in your spare time, 3D printing is a manufacturing technology that you can experiment with at home. The technology also has many medical applications, including prosthetics and implants to dental braces, surgical guides and more, and Antarctic Bear lists some of the most promising uses of 3D printing in medicine today.
1. Implants
Implants are the most important use case for 3D printing technology. 3D printing has been used to create custom implants for a variety of medical conditions, such as knee replacements, dental implants, and even breast reconstruction. These implants are typically made of 3D printed clear resin, so they can be easily molded to fit the exact shape of a patient's body. They also offer greater flexibility than traditional metal or ceramic implants, providing a better fit and movement within the body.
3D printing technology could also help children and adolescents by creating individualized treatment plans for children with scoliosis (curvature of the spine), allowing doctors to quickly create orthoses that fit the body perfectly, so they don't need invasive surgery or braces as adults.
In addition, researchers are investigating how 3D printers can be used for organ printing or to print limbs for amputees from soft materials such as silicone or rubber, which have more comfortable features than traditional prosthetics and can even allow the wearer to perform a full range of motion at all times without any external support, such as crutches or a wheelchair.
2. Prosthetic limbs
The WHO estimates that more than 30 million people need prosthetic devices, but most developing countries do not have adequate medical care. 3D printing can solve this problem. One of the most typical medical applications of 3D printing is the manufacture of prosthetic limbs. The technology is used to create prosthetic limbs for children who are born with a congenital disability or who have lost one or more limbs in an accident.
Prosthetic limbs are usually made of silicone and other materials that can be molded. But because they need to fit perfectly, each new mold must be customized when it needs to be replaced. This process can take weeks or even months and is costly.
3D printing offers an alternative solution, making custom parts (of the same material as Lego blocks) directly from polymeric materials such as ABS plastic. To make such a part, you first design it on your computer; then you send the file to your printer and its supply of raw materials, which may include several different plastics, if needed. The 3D printer is then used to 3D print the manufacturing for the user.
3. Surgical models
3D printing has become a staple of medical applications. one of the most common uses of 3D printing is to create models of organs and tissues for surgical simulation, training and testing equipment. These medical models can be made from many different materials, including clay or wax, but as technology has advanced and become more economical, researchers have been able to print 3D replicas using digital data from a patient's CT scan or MRI images.
These replicas are often used by students learning how to perform surgery to practice before performing surgery on real patients. However, they are also useful in surgery itself: doctors can use these models as a visual aid when planning and performing surgery so that their team members know exactly what needs to be done when working inside the body.
There is another major benefit. These replicas can help doctors test new drugs or devices before using them in real bodies, as it allows them to observe how something will affect different parts of the body without having to actually do so (which can lead to unnecessary injuries).
4. Devices
3D printing technology can also be used to make more customizable and cheaper devices. Using 3D printing, you can make devices specifically for patients, whereas traditional manufacturing means making millions of identical devices that may or may not meet your needs. Using this technology, instruments can be made that are more accurate than traditional manufacturing methods because they are designed specifically for the need, and they also tend to be more durable than other devices that are less customized in the manufacturing process.
Another benefit of custom-manufactured medical devices is their flexibility. With 3D printing, you can use materials such as rubber or plastic, which allow your devices to bend better than metal devices. It makes them ideal for handling soft tissue without causing too much damage to it.
5. Pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals are one of the most important applications for 3D printing today. Pharmaceutical companies have been using the technology to create more effective drugs that are cheaper than traditional drugs. The process involves creating a three-dimensional model of a drug's molecular structure and then creating it in plastic or other materials through a 3D printer.
This process is much less expensive than spending on mass production, and it also produces less waste because each dose is customized for you. The technology allows pharmacists to create individualized medications based on their needs and requirements. When they create pills or tablets from plastic pellets or powders using standard manufacturing techniques such as injection molding or extrusion processes, they are unable to do so without first changing their chemical composition to make customization possible.
In Summary
3D printing technology has changed the way patients are treated. With this technology, doctors can better diagnose and treat patients with personalized medical models of body parts and organs. 3D printing also makes it possible to create surgical guides for use during surgery and medical implants that perfectly match the patient's anatomy. At the same time, the possibilities for using 3D printing in regenerative medicine are endless.
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Aug. 21, 2022 - Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) have developed a method for 3D printing tiny artistic ice structures. According to an article published on the university's official website, this high-speed, reproducible manufacturing method will "revolutionize" 3D printing technology in the future. In the meantime, the technology could be widely used in advanced manufacturing and biomedical engineering in the future.
Using our ice 3D printing process, we can create microscopic ice templates with smooth walls and smooth transition branching structures, which could be used in the future to make microscopic parts with well-defined internal voids," said Akash Garg, co-author of the study and a PhD scholar in mechanical engineering at the university.
Technical Background
Garg and Saigopalakrishna Yerneni, a postdoctoral associate in chemical engineering at CMU, collaborated on this research.
Water is considered the best choice for bioengineering applications because it is the most abundant substance on the earth's surface and the main building block of all living organisms. The simple and rapid phase change process of ice formation from water makes it a very environmentally friendly structural material.
Garg says, "There is no more biocompatible natural material than water."
Freeform Ice Printing (3D-ICE). a) Customized 3D printing system and its main components, including cooling system, motion table, piezoelectric nozzles. b) Piezoelectric inkjet nozzles are used to eject water droplets (diameter = 50 microns) onto a cold build platform kept at -35°C. The planar (X-Y) motion of the build platform is synchronized with the droplet discharge to print complex ice geometries
How does it work?
The printed ice structures are used as "reverse molding" or ice templates used as sacrificial geometries, and the ice structures are immersed in a cooled build material, such as resin in liquid or gel form.
After the material has set or cured, the water is removed. To this end, the ice can be melted to evacuate the water. Alternatively, ice can be sublimated by converting it to water vapor rather than liquid water. Because ice can be easily sublimated, it can be easily removed after casting and curing the surrounding structural material.
A high-resolution 3D printing system was used to deposit water droplets onto a temperature-controlled platform at -35 degrees Celsius, which rapidly converts water into ice.
The new process enables printing with smooth surfaces and branching geometries with smooth transitions by regulating the frequency of water droplet jetting and synchronizing it with the platform motion.
The researchers demonstrated this by printing a tree, a spiral around a pole, or even a one-and-a-half meter tall octopus figurine out of ice. Because of the rapid phase change of water and the strength of ice, 3D printing allows for arbitrary ice structures without the need for time-consuming layer-by-layer printing or support structures.
Garg explained that experiments were conducted to determine the print path, speed of motion and droplet frequency required to create light-skating ice structures with straight, tilted, branching and layered geometries in a reproducible manner.
Burak Ozdoganlar, associate director of the CMU Engineering Research Accelerator, which oversaw the study, explained: "This is an amazing achievement that will lead to exciting scientific advances."
He continues, "We believe this approach has tremendous potential to revolutionize tissue engineering and other fields that require microstructures with complex channels, such as microfluidics and soft robotics."
The team claims that in just one year, the ice 3D process could be used for engineering applications such as creating pneumatic channels for soft robots. However, clinical applications of tissue engineering will take much longer. In the future, this new process approach, could also lead to new opportunities for microfluidics, biomedical devices, flexible electronics and art.
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3D printing has revolutionized several industries in recent years, and now it is transforming the textile production sector. The key role 3D printing technology is playing in the modern textile industry.
I. What is 3D printing?
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is an innovative manufacturing technology that has quickly become one of the most important manufacturing methods. In this process, products are built layer by layer based on a specific computer-aided design. Over the past few decades, several different types of 3D printing processes have been developed, including fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, digital light processing, and fused filament manufacturing.
3D printing methods offer several advantages over traditional manufacturing, including cost effectiveness, short time, energy savings, significant reduction in material waste, and high design freedom. The use of these methods has been widely explored and 3D printing technologies have been widely implemented in a variety of industries, including manufacturing, aerospace, transportation, aerospace industry and construction.
How can 3D printing help the textile industry?
The field of 3D printed fabrics is in its infancy, and there are significant advantages to using 3D printing to produce textiles. The textile industry is a major consumer of water and material resources, adding a significant burden to the environment. The unsustainability of the global textile industry is now becoming increasingly evident, and scientists are constantly exploring new ways to transform the industry.
3D textile printing has the potential to dramatically reduce the amount of resources needed to produce fabrics for uses such as apparel and furniture. Processes can be streamlined, using fewer raw materials, chemicals and water.
In addition, the use of 3D printing methods can significantly reduce the amount of waste generated.
Other benefits include reduced energy requirements and carbon emissions, cost savings and enhanced design freedom.
Multi-material printing capabilities provide opportunities for advanced, innovative material designs that are not possible with traditional manufacturing techniques.
Another key innovation enabled by 3D printing is the creation of "smart" materials with embedded functionality and unique structures.
In short, 3D printing is a revolutionary solution for the textile industry.
3D printed textiles: flexibility and abrasion resistance issues
A key challenge with 3D printed textiles is their relative stiffness compared to conventionally manufactured textiles, which limits their abrasion resistance and comfort. Some 3D printed textiles have been introduced to the market in recent years, but the widespread commercial viability of these fabrics is limited by this issue.
Researchers have proposed solutions to overcome this limitation and make 3D printed fabrics stretchable, soft and flexible. The three main approaches are printing flexible structural units, printing fibers, and printing on textiles.
Several studies have explored this issue, offering different avenues for fully flexible and wearable 3D printed fabrics. For example, certain researchers have explored the development of fabrics with lockjaw structures, geometric structures, and bionic structures. Other researchers have explored the deposition of 3D printed polymers directly onto traditional fabrics to produce fabrics with unique structures and functions.
New Research on 3D Printed Fabrics
In recent years, knitwear has been produced around the world, but the process of producing garments using traditional knitting methods is very resource-intensive and significantly increases the carbon footprint of the textile industry. Research has been conducted on 3D knitwear, and companies such as New Industrial Order have developed machines that can 3D print single fibers. This technology promises to increase the recyclability of garment manufacturing. Clothes can be made to order, saving costs, materials, energy and waste. Seamless construction allows reuse of yarns to make new garments.
MIT's work on soft fabrics: MIT researchers develop soft fabrics with TPU. They focused on developing a new structure for printing materials. The researchers were inspired by collagen, one of the main proteins in biological organisms, which has an interwoven structure that provides enhanced flexibility and strength. The researchers propose that their innovation could be used in the textile industry as well as in the medical field, such as cardiovascular stents, surgical meshes and stents.
Producing 3D printed fabrics with enhanced cooling: Scientists at the University of Maryland have developed 3D printed materials with advanced cooling capabilities. The material's innovative structure, consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and boron nitride, maximizes thermal conductivity, drawing heat into the material in one way and out the other. In essence, this turns the fabric into a low-cost, non-powered air conditioner for sportswear and everyday clothing.
NASA's Scale Maille project: The field of space exploration needs materials that can handle harsh and extreme environments. NASA, which is at the forefront of 3D printing technology, has been seeking to develop fabrics that can enhance insulation and protect against the harsh environment of outer space. It is similar to scale maille, with enhanced thermal control, flexibility, foldability and strength. Geometric shapes and functions can be printed, and NASA scientists call it "4D printing".
Materials with enhanced protective properties: A study by Wang et al. used selective laser sintering to produce an innovative 3D printed protective material. The material consists of interlocking particles that can switch between a soft, pliable, wear-resistant state and a hardened, protective state. When pressure is applied, these particles interlock and form a stiff chain armor-like structure that is 25 times stiffer than its relaxed state. Analysis shows that in this hardened state, the material can withstand loads that exceed thirty times the weight of the material.
3D printed electronic material: Zhang et al. have used 3D printing to create a conductive material. The material consists of a conductive core of carbon nanotubes and a dielectric sheath of filamentous proteins. This smart material can be used in a variety of bioelectric harvesting fabrics for wearable electronic devices.
In summary
3D printing offers some innovative solutions for the textile industry and related fields. Although still in its infancy, many solutions have been provided for current commercial needs, thus demonstrating the potential of 3D printing in this field. As the field evolves, the manufacturing of 3D printed fabrics will undoubtedly continue to innovate to its fullest potential.
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1, fixed focus laser head; the use of new thermal technology, so that the laser head better heat dissipation, to ensure the service life of the laser head, while the maximum use of power can be achieved.
2, the main board chip;
Precision algorithm: the use of precision control chip, the response time can reach microsecond level
Faster speed: the carving can automatically skip the blank part, faster speed
Higher precision: clear engraving patterns, more delicate edges
3, manual lifting device: manual lifting device design, up and down range 0-55MM focus more simple, more accurate
4, aluminum alloy frame: metal aluminum alloy frame body, four corner chassis, good stability, carving does not shake
Fixed focus laser head
The use of new thermal technology, so that the laser head better heat dissipation, to ensure the service life of the laser head while being able to achieve greater power.
Main board chip
1) Precision algorithm: using a precision control chip, the
response time can reach microsecond level.
2) Faster speed: the carving can automatically skip the blank part, faster.
3) Higher precision: clear engraving pattern with more delicate edges.
Manual lifting device manual lifting device design, up and down range 0-55MM focus easier and more accurate.
Aluminum alloy frame metal aluminum alloy frame body, four corner chassis, good stability, carving does not shake.
Flying bear laserman is a fixed focus laser engraving machine, engraving area is very large, 400 * 450 mm. There are two laser head can choose, respectively, 5.5W and 10W. can carve wood, leather, density board, two-color plate, etc..the majority of consumers love it. You can use the flying bear laserman to carve cute cats, as a photo album, you can also carve a very nice pattern to decorate the house. Flying Bear's laser engraving machine also comes with an air filter, which can absorb 90% of the ash layer and smoke, so that when operating, it is more convenient to observe the carving situation and progress.
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